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In most previous studies of low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diets, investigators have focused on short-term weight-loss results. U.S. researchers now report results of a 2-year study in which 307 adults (mean body-mass index, 36 kg/m2) were randomized to a low-carbohydrate diet that allowed unrestricted consumption of fat or to a low-fat diet with approximately 30% of calories from fat. All participants received additional behavioral interventions, including self-monitoring and physical activity sessions. People with diabetes or hyperlipidemia were excluded.
In both groups, mean weight loss was approximately 11 kg at 1 year and 7 kg at 2 years. No significant between-group differences at 2 years were noted in mean triglyceride levels, LDL ch…