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Randomized trials in Africa have shown that adult male circumcision significantly lowers incidence of HIV and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in men and risk for genital ulcer disease, vaginal trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginosis (but not HIV) in their steady female sexual partners. In some observational studies, female partners of circumcised men had lower risk for cervical neoplasia, but the specific effect of male circumcision on HPV transmission to women has been unknown.
In two parallel randomized trials of male circumcision for prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Uganda, 1245 HIV-negative women were enrolled concurrently with their male partners. The HPV status of these women was det…