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In a recent meta-analysis of six randomized trials, prostate cancer screening resulted in overdiagnosis of prostate cancer and did not lower prostate cancer–specific or overall mortality (JW Gen Med Oct 7 2010). In this population-based trial, investigators assessed whether screening lowers prostate cancer–specific mortality at 20 years after enrollment.
Participants were all 9026 men in Norrköping, Sweden, who were between the ages of 50 and 69 in 1987; 1494 were randomized to prostate cancer screening at 3-year intervals; the remaining 7532 men were controls. Screening in 1987 and 1990 consisted of digital rectal examination (DRE); prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing was added in 1993 and 1996. Data collection ceased at the end of 2008…