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Observational studies and randomized trials of dietary or supplemental calcium to prevent fractures have yielded inconsistent results. In this prospective observational study, investigators determined the associations between dietary calcium intake and risk for any fracture among a population-based cohort of 61,000 Swedish women; risk for osteoporosis was evaluated in a randomly selected subcohort of 5000 women.
During a median 19-year follow-up, 24% of women experienced first fractures of any type, 6% suffered first hip fractures, and 20% developed osteoporosis. After adjustment for multiple variables, risk for first fracture of any type was significantly higher among women in the lowest dietary calcium–intake quintile (≤750 mg/day; hazard …