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In October 2011, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) ignited controversy when it posted a new recommendation against prostate cancer screening. Tipping the balance against screening was the USPSTF's view that the benefits demonstrated in the two recent randomized screening trials were small at best and insufficient to outweigh the harms of screening (e.g., false-positive prostate-specific antigen [PSA] results, unnecessary biopsies, overdiagnosis of indolent tumors, and psychological effects associated with all these outcomes) and the harms of overtreating men with low-grade disease (JW Gen Med Oct 27 2011).
During 2011, several analyses expanded on the initial findings from the two major screening trials, which were published i…