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The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been licensed for use as primary prophylaxis, but does it have a role in preventing the sequelae of infection in people who are already HPV-infected?
HIV-uninfected patients who self-identified as men who have sex with men and who attended a single anorectal surgery practice in New York City were offered off-label HPV vaccination beginning in 2006. Among them were 88 with biopsy-proven, surgically treated high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN). Compared to 114 patients with HGAIN who were not vaccinated, those who received the vaccine were less likely to develop recurrent HGAIN (10.2 vs. 15.7 recurrences per 100 person-years). Among the subset of patients confirmed to carry oncogenic HPV …