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The long-standing nihilism surrounding the use of chemotherapy for patients with advanced prostate cancer was dealt a significant blow with the publication of two large randomized trials of docetaxel-based chemotherapy that demonstrated a modest, but clinically relevant, improvement in survival (N Engl J Med 2004; 351:1502 and N Engl J Med 2004; 351:1513). During the past 10 years, many novel agents have been developed, most with compelling rationales for use in prostate cancer and some showing synergy with docetaxel in preclinical models. One of these, calcitriol, is the natural ligand for the vitamin D receptor; convincing in vitro and in vivo evidence shows that it exhibits antitumor activity in a variety of prostate-cancer models.
After …