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The etiologic role of inflammation in prostate cancer is an area of active investigation. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 plays a major part in the inflammatory process, is overexpressed in prostate cancer cells, and has been associated with both radiation and chemotherapy resistance in prostate and other solid tumors.
Investigators from the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) studied the potential association of COX-2 expression and the clinical outcomes of 1521 men with locally advanced prostate cancer (T2c–T4; prostate-specific antigen [PSA] level <150 ng/mL), who had been enrolled in RTOG 92-02, a North American phase III study. All patients had received external-beam radiotherapy and had been randomized to either short-course (4 months) or l…