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Despite recent high-profile setbacks in new drug development for advanced prostate cancer, progress has been made over the years. Historically, once androgen-deprivation therapy began to fail in a patient, advanced prostate cancer was a refractory disease. In the mid 1990s, mitoxantrone plus prednisone (M+P) was approved by the FDA for prostate cancer patients, primarily for its palliative benefit. In 2004, two phase III trials of docetaxel-based chemotherapy compared with M+P (SWOG S9916 and TAX 327) demonstrated longer survival in patients who received docetaxel-based therapy. Investigators from TAX 327 now report long-term follow-up and additional subgroup analysis of their three-arm randomized trial (docetaxel every 3 weeks plus prednis…