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Diets that contain no raw fruits or vegetables are often prescribed for patients with treatment- or disease-related neutropenia, even though such diets might adversely affect nutritional intake, and despite a lack of evidence showing that they diminish the likelihood of infection. To assess whether the benefits of diets for neutropenic patients outweigh the risks, investigators performed a single-institution, randomized trial of diets containing only cooked foods versus those including raw foods (i.e., fresh fruits and vegetables) for patients undergoing induction chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. All patients were treated in a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)-filtered environment and r…