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Although multiple myeloma (MM) is incurable, survival benefits have been achieved with consolidative autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) and newer agents such as thalidomide (Thalomid), lenalidomide (Revlimid), and bortezomib (Velcade). To assess efficacy of thalidomide consolidation after ASCT, investigators in Australia and New Zealand randomized 243 MM patients with hematologic recovery and without disease progression to thalidomide (100–200 mg daily for 1 year) plus prednisone (50 mg every other day until disease progression) or prednisone alone (control group). Randomization occurred on days 42 to 50 after ASCT. Pre-ASCT induction consisted of vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (VAD) or a VAD-like chemotherapy combinat…