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Despite considerable advances during the past 20 years in the diagnostic and prognostic stratification of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) — as well as numerous efforts to improve induction therapy — the standard induction treatment remains the “7+3” regimen of cytarabine for 7 days plus three once-daily doses of an anthracycline.
To assess the effects of anthracycline dose intensification in AML induction therapy, investigators conducted a randomized phase III trial of cytarabine (100 mg/m2 continuous infusion for 7 days) plus either standard-dose daunorubicin (45 mg/m2 for 3 days) or high-dose daunorubicin (90 mg/m2 for 3 days). A total of 657 adult patients (age range, 17–60) with newly diagnosed AML (excluding acute promyelocytic leuke…