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In an effort to optimize whole-breast irradiation fractionation following breast-conserving therapy for patients with invasive breast cancer, Canadian investigators conducted a randomized trial to determine whether a hypofractionated 3-week schedule of whole-breast irradiation (i.e., treatment received over a shorter period at higher daily doses) prevents breast cancer recurrence as effectively as irradiation given over a typical 5-week schedule. A total of 1234 women who had node-negative disease with tumors ≤5 cm and negative margins after breast-conserving therapy were randomly assigned to receive standard total doses of 50.0 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks or 42.5 Gy in 16 fractions over 3 weeks.
After median follow-up of 12 years, 10-ye…