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Prior results from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial showed no mortality benefit of prostate cancer screening after 7 to 10 years of follow-up (N Engl J Med 2009; 360:1310). The trial involved 76,685 men (age range, 55–74) who were randomized to screening or usual care (controls). Participants in the screening arm were offered annual prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests for 6 years and digital rectal exams (DREs) for 4 years. A positive test was defined as a PSA value >4 ng/mL or a suspicious DRE.
Now, results after 13 years of follow-up are as follows:
Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 4250 (11.1%) of 38,340 participants in the screening arm and 3815 (9.9%) of 38,345 controls.
High-grade prostate cancer…