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Although the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in infants and toddlers in the U.S. has decreased during the past 30 years, poor, minority, and immigrant young children continue to be at risk for iron deficiency with and without anemia. More than 25 years ago, researchers reported improved mental development scores in infants with iron deficiency anemia 1 week after they received intramuscular iron. The authors of the current study postulated that only a behavior change in affect or attention could explain such a rapid improvement in cognition. Therefore, they examined the effects of iron status in 77 full-term black infants (age range, 9–10 months) who did not have prenatal or perinatal problems and were recruited during routine visits a…