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Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a relatively common major malformation that affects approximately 1 in 3000 to 4000 births. The mortality rate among patients with CDH is 30% to 50%, and perinatal mortality is associated with pulmonary hypoplasia. Efforts to repair diaphragmatic defects with intrauterine surgery have not markedly improved outcomes, but greater than 50% survival can be expected in patients treated at specialized centers.
CDH occurs either as an isolated birth defect (in about 60% of cases) or in conjunction with other anomalies, such as malrotation of the bowel, patent ductus arteriosus, patent foramen ovale, hypoplastic or dextroposition of the heart, tricuspid or mitral valve regurgitation, undescended testes, and a…