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In the government-sponsored Collaborative Multisite Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA), researchers randomized 579 children (age range, 7.0–9.9 years) with combined-type ADHD to one of four treatments: medication alone, intensive behavior therapy alone, medication plus behavior therapy, or usual community-based care. The children were treated for 14 months and have been followed for 8 years. During follow-up, treatment was independent of the study design, and parents arranged for treatment at their discretion.
After 14 months of treatment, all groups showed improvement from baseline, but medication alone and combination therapy were associated with significantly greater improvements in …