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Children with congenital heart defects have high rates of central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities. Research has focused on identifying perioperative and intraoperative causes; data about intrauterine causes are conflicting. To identify risk factors for microcephaly in newborns with isolated congenital heart defects, these authors conducted a retrospective case-control study in 401 singleton infants with congenital heart defects (born in 1998–2007) at a children's hospital in Michigan and 401 sex- and race-matched healthy controls born within 3 months of index cases at a nearby hospital. Infants with chromosomal defects, extracardiac anomalies, or genetic syndromes were excluded.
Mothers of cases were significantly older (28 vs. 26 years),…