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Research on a possible link between cannabis use and adverse mental health outcomes has been criticized for failing to account for possible unmeasured confounders (other drug use or genetic factors) and the possibility of reverse causation (that people with psychosis might use cannabis to self-medicate). To address these concerns, investigators used data from a 10-year, prospective population-based cohort study on the early developmental stages of psychopathology in 1923 German citizens (age range, 14–24 years; mean age at baseline, 18; 48% male). All participants provided information about substance use and completed a diagnostic mental health interview at baseline and at three follow-up assessments (at a mean of 1.6, 3.5, and 8.4 years). …