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Metabolic syndrome is associated with cognitive dysfunction in middle-age and older adults, but the association has not been studied in children. Investigators compared brain structure and cognitive performance in 49 adolescents with metabolic syndrome (age range, 14–20 years; 63% female; 84% Hispanic) and 62 matched controls without metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was defined as at least three of the following five criteria: waist circumference ≥90th percentile for age and gender; HDL level <50 mg/dL (girls) or <40 mg/dL (boys); serum triglyceride levels >110 mg/dL; blood pressure (BP) ≥90th percentile for age, gender, and height (for age <18 years) or BP ≥130 mm Hg systolic, BP ≥85 mmHg diastolic, or the use of antihypertensive med…