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Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) — in particular, high-grade DCIS — often is a direct precursor of invasive breast cancer. With widespread use of screening mammography, about one in five breast cancers is now diagnosed at this preinvasive stage. Therefore, screening for DCIS followed by appropriate treatment has the potential to reduce the incidence of invasive breast cancer. However, the best imaging strategy for diagnosing DCIS is uncertain.
The study population was drawn from a group of 7319 women who were seen from 2002 through 2006 at a tertiary care breast center in Germany that serves women at high risk for breast cancer. Participants had an abnormal screening mammogram, clinical symptoms of breast cancer, or concerns about breast canc…