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In 2005, a single remarkable case was reported, in which one sister of a monozygotic twin pair had premature ovarian failure and the other was fertile (N Engl J Med 2005; 353:58). The sterile twin received a graft of ovarian tissue from her sister, naturally conceived during her second menstrual cycle, and delivered a healthy baby girl. Now, the same group has expanded its case series to include eight monozygotic twin pairs (age range, 24–40), each of whom requested and underwent ovarian transplantation. All 16 women had normal karyotypes without FMR1 premutation (an X-linked mutation leading to premature ovarian failure); all sterile twins had reproductive hormone levels in the postmenopausal range.
Fresh ovarian cortical tissue (or, in 1 c…