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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects about 8% of pregnant women, with disproportionately higher rates in those of low sociodemographic status and black race. Some studies have shown adverse outcomes in infants of women with PTSD histories. In a study to determine whether PTSD resulting from abuse is an independent risk factor for preterm birth and low birth weight, investigators recruited pregnant women who received prenatal care by 28 weeks' gestation at clinics in three large, urban healthcare systems in Michigan. Participants were assigned to one of three cohorts based on standardized criteria: PTSD-positive (98 currently affected, 157 recovered), PTSD-resilient (307 trauma-exposed but not meeting PTSD criteria), and nontrauma-e…