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Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are increasingly used as adjuvant therapy in menopausal women with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer, but they reduce bone mineral density (BMD). Investigators modeled a hypothetical cohort of 60-year-old breast cancer survivors using AIs for 5 years to compare the cost effectiveness of various screening and treatment approaches to fracture prevention. Six approaches were evaluated: no intervention; one-time BMD assessment with bisphosphonate treatment for osteopenia (or osteoporosis); annual BMD testing with bisphosphonate treatment for osteopenia (or osteoporosis); and universal treatment with bisphosphonates. The model generated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) and quality-adjusted life-years…