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Cesarean delivery rates continue to rise despite drawbacks for maternal and neonatal health. A 2008 Cochrane review of midwife-led care (primarily midwives in teams) versus standard care showed no difference in cesarean rates. Now, investigators have conducted a randomized trial at a Melbourne, Australia, hospital to determine whether a one-to-one model of midwifery care (“caseload midwifery”) compared with standard care was associated with lower cesarean risk. A total of 2314 eligible participants had uncomplicated singleton pregnancies and no prior cesarean deliveries. Women who were randomized to caseload midwifery received most of their care from a primary midwife during pregnancy, labor, delivery, and immediately postpartum (although o…