The Search for the “Perfect” Vulva

Surgical alterations of genital appearance are heavily promoted on the internet. British investigators conducted a Google search and evaluated the resulting 10 top websites (5 U.S. and 5 U.K.) for clinical accuracy concerning procedures offered, indications, outcomes, and risks.

Key characteristics of these websites include:

• Lack of standardization of language (e.g., >10 terms used to describe labioplasty)

• Descriptions of normal variants of anatomy as pathologic, reinforced by before-and-after photographs

• Limited information about risks

• Emphasis on long-term improvement in appearance, sexual relationships, and sexual pleasure

• Promotion of hymenal reconstruction directed at women in communities that prize virginity