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Consistent with the “stress–diathesis” hypothesis, individuals with at least one short allele on the serotonin transporter promoter region (5-HTTLPR) who experienced negative life events in childhood, adulthood, or both have been shown to have elevated risks for adverse outcomes, such as clinical depression. In a meta-analysis of 30 studies involving 9361 children and adolescents under age 18, investigators examined whether short alleles (ss or sl genotype) compared with the ll genotype might be associated with not only vulnerability to negative events, but also greater responsiveness or susceptibility to positive environmental factors.
Various gene-by-environment comparisons involving 5863 subjects yielded 41 effect sizes and affirmed robus…