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Low-carbohydrate diets can promote weight loss, but evidence suggests that the type of carbohydrates consumed — not just the total amount — also might affect body weight. To address this issue, investigators analyzed data from 135,000 participants in three long-term, prospective, observational studies of U.S. healthcare professionals (84% women; average age at baseline, ≈50). Participants completed questionnaires on personal characteristics, medical history, and lifestyle (including detailed food-frequency questionnaires) at baseline and every 2 to 4 years. Changes in diet and weight were analyzed in 4-year intervals during 24 to 28 years of follow-up.
On average, participants gained 1.5 kg every 4 years. Dietary changes associated with grea…