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Whether flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy is more appropriate for screening average-risk women for colorectal cancer has been unclear. In this National Cancer Institute–funded study conducted at four U.S. military teaching hospitals, investigators assessed the prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasia in 1463 asymptomatic women (mean age, 59) who underwent colonoscopy after referral for colorectal cancer screening. The investigators compared the prevalence found on colonoscopy with an estimate of the prevalence that would have been found had the women undergone flexible sigmoidoscopy alone. Lesions were considered detectable by sigmoidoscopy if they were located in the distal colon (defined as the rectum or sigmoid colon), or in the p…