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No large randomized, controlled trials have been conducted to examine mortality outcomes from colonoscopy screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) — until now. In this study, 85,000 previously unscreened people (age range, 55–64) in Norway, Poland, and Sweden were randomized in a 1:2 ratio to receive an invitation to undergo colonoscopy screening, or to receive no invitation.
Only 42% of people in the invited group accepted their invitations and underwent colonoscopy; those with polyps had subsequent surveillance at standard intervals. The primary intent-to-screen analysis (which includes all invited people, whether or not they followed through with colonoscopy) revealed the following outcomes at 10 years:
Cumulative incidence of CRC was signifi…