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Digitalis has been used to treat heart failure for more than 200 years. Not until 1997, however, did a large, randomized controlled trial (DIG) define digoxin's benefits in heart failure: Digoxin did not significantly reduce 3-year all-cause mortality risk, but it modestly reduced the risks for hospitalization for worsening heart failure and hospitalization for any cause. To tease out the all-cause mortality benefits of digoxin in men versus women, researchers conducted a post-hoc analysis of DIG (6800 patients).
Although male digoxin recipients and male placebo recipients had similar all-cause mortality rates (35.2% and 36.9%, P=0.22), the rate among female digoxin recipients was somewhat higher than among female placebo recipients (33.1% v…