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About 25% of adults with a first kidney stone will develop another kidney stone within 5 years, with the recurrence risk increasing to 50% for those with a prior recurrence. In a new systematic review and a randomized trial, researchers evaluated interventions for preventing recurrent kidney stones ().
The systematic review of dietary and pharmacological interventions involved 26 randomized trials and 5 nonrandomized studies, mostly in adults. For adults with calcium oxalate or phosphate stones, lower risk of recurrence was seen with increased water intake; a diet with normal-to-high calcium, low protein, and low sodium; thiazide diuretics; alkali therapy (citrate salts or lemon juice); or allopurinol. However, the …