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Release of the Mitchell Report once again called attention to the use of performance-enhancing drugs by athletes. In the 2007 Monitoring the Future survey, about 1% of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders reported use of anabolic steroids during the past year. Comparable data for human growth hormone (HGH) are not readily available, but HGH use is fueled by beliefs that it enhances athletic performance and is hard to detect during drug testing. Use of HGH in HGH-deficient individuals increases lean body mass and decreases fat mass, but do these same effects accrue in those without HGH deficiency? To find out, investigators conducted a systematic review of 27 randomized, controlled trials in which HGH treatment was compared with no treatment in 440 c…