Pediatrics Group Issues Statement on Food Additives and Child Health

By Amy Orciari Herman

Edited by Susan Sadoughi, MD, and André Sofair, MD, MPH

Numerous food additives — whether those added directly to food during processing or those used in manufacturing or packaging — may put children's health at risk, according to a new technical report and policy statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Here are some of the additives with the most evidence for concern:

• Bisphenols: Used in plastic containers and the lining of metal cans, bisphenols (such as BPA) can disrupt endocrine function, potentially reducing fertility and changing the timing of puberty. Research also suggests effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes and childhood obesity.

• Phthalates: Found in plastic food wrap as well as in plastic tubes used during food manufacturing, phthalates have been tied to endocrine disruption (including testicular toxicity), cardiotoxic effects, and oxidative stress.

• Nitrates and nitrites: Added directly to foods (usually processed meats) as a preservative or to enhance color, these compounds have been linked to cancer and thyroid dysfunction.

To help reduce exposure, the AAP recommends that clinicians advise families to eat more fresh or frozen (rather than canned) fruits and vegetables, and to avoid processed meats. In addition, plastic shouldn't be put in microwaves or dishwashers, as heat can cause chemicals to leak into food.

The full list of chemicals of concern — and more recommendations for clinicians — are available free of charge at the links below.