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In imaging studies, early parental nurturance was associated with larger hippocampal size (Neuroimage 2010; 49:1144). Based on these findings, investigators hypothesized that a training program with components for parents and children (P&C) that focused on selective attention would significantly improve preschoolers' cognition. They conducted a randomized, controlled, 8-week, three-arm study in 141 children, all enrolled in a standard Head Start program (HS), who were of lower socioeconomic status, predominantly white, and aged 3 to 5 years.
Study arms were HS only, add-on P&C, or add-on Attention Boost for Children (ABC). The weekly, 2-hour P&C sessions trained parents and children separately; topics for parent sessions included stress redu…