Characteristics of U.S. Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux

The Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux is a carefully designed, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of antimicrobial prophylaxis for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in 607 children (91% girls) with grade II–IV VUR from 19 U.S. pediatric sites. The children were recruited after the first (91%) or second UTI in 2007 through May 2011 and were followed for 2 years.

Boys were significantly younger than girls (age <12 months, 84% vs. 46%); 32% of the 41 boys younger than 12 months were uncircumcised. Most children (80%) were white and 13% were Hispanic. Escherichia coli was the most common infective organism in first UTIs (89%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (3%) and Proteus mirabilis (2%). Most…