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Pneumonia is responsible for an estimated $6 billion in direct costs each year in the U.S., so many quality-improvement efforts focus on preventing readmissions among people recently hospitalized for that illness. Previous studies have lacked patient-level data, have underemphasized process-of-care factors, and have not focused on differences between patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and those who develop healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). Researchers now have analyzed these important variables in a retrospective cohort of 771 adults with confirmed bacterial pneumonia who were admitted to a large urban hospital in 2010 and survived until discharge (577 had HCAP, 194 had CAP).
Within 30 days, 149 of these patients…