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In 2007, interim results from the CHER trial demonstrated a 76% reduction in mortality for HIV-infected infants who were started on lopinavir/ritonavir–based antiretroviral therapy (ART) within 12 weeks of birth (early ART) compared to those with ART deferred until development of CDC stage B/C events or a low CD4-cell percentage. These findings led the Data and Safety Monitoring Board to stop the deferred-ART arm and contributed to 2008 WHO guidelines recommending immediate ART initiation for all HIV-infected infants aged <1 year.
Now, investigators report 5-year results of the CHER trial, in which deferred ART was compared to early ART initiation followed by planned ART interruption at 40 or 96 weeks. Confirming the early trial results, all…