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Oseltamivir, a neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI), is the recommended therapy for children and adults with severe influenza infection. In 2009, a novel influenza virus, H1N1, was first identified in California, circulated widely, and was associated with an increased rate of morbidity and mortality in children and young adults. Prompt treatment of influenza, including treatment of neonates, was recommended. Studies demonstrated treatment benefit for critically ill adults and children during the H1N1 pandemic.
In this study, the California Department of Public Health reviewed medical records of 850 patients younger than age 18 years who had documented influenza and were hospitalized in an ICU or died prior to hospitalization during three influenza …