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Magnetic resonance imaging has been used to study children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; NEJM JW Psychiatry Jan 28 2008), but white-matter pathways have received little research attention. To learn more, researchers imaged 71 children (age range, 6–16) diagnosed with ADHD and 26 healthy controls. Patients were stimulant- and atomoxetine-free for 4 weeks before the study and had no more than 6 months of these medications in their lifetime.
White-matter pathways were assessed with diffusion tensor imaging, whole-brain tractography, and imaging connectomics. Age- and sex-adjusted findings revealed significant differences between ADHD and control groups in a network linking 23 regions in the frontal, striatal (putamen and …