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Most patients with major depression do not achieve remission with the first prescribed therapy. To try to find a biomarker for treatment resistance, investigators performed positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging on 82 untreated patients with major depression and then randomized them to 12 weeks of treatment with either escitalopram (10–20 mg/day) or cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT; 16 sessions). Of the 63 patients who completed this phase, 30 whose illness did not remit (remission defined as Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HRSD], ≤7) began combined escitalopram and CBT for another 12 weeks. The 35 patients with usable PET scans and remitted illness in either phase were compared with the 9 whose illness did…