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The ACTIVE study was initiated in 1998 to determine whether cognitive training could improve outcomes in 2800 older adults without significant cognitive deficits at baseline. Participants (age, >65; mean age, 74) were randomized to undergo memory training, reasoning training, speed-of-processing training, or no intervention. Training consisted of 10 hour-long small-group training sessions during a 5- to 6-week period following randomization; participants were reassessed periodically during 10 years of follow-up. At 10 years, those who underwent reasoning and speed-of-processing training had persistent, statistically significant, small-to-moderate improvements in their respective domains compared with controls; in contrast, those in the memo…