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Weight loss through calorie-restricted diets and exercise lowers risk for type 2 diabetes. To assess whether Mediterranean diets without caloric restriction also protect against diabetes, researchers in Spain analyzed data on the 3500 nondiabetic participants in the PREDIMED prevention trial (NEJM JW Gen Med Mar 12 2013), in which adults with ≥3 cardiovascular risk factors were randomized to one of three diets: a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO; 3–4 tablespoons daily), a Mediterranean diet supplemented with mixed nuts (1 ounce daily), or a control diet (consisting of advice to reduce intake of all fats). No participants were advised to restrict calories or to increase physical activity.
During median follow-…