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Children account for approximately 10% of tuberculosis (TB) cases in the U.S. (~1000 annually). In preschool-aged children, TB represents newly acquired disease and active transmission rather than reactivation of infection that is more common in older children and adults. Foreign-born adults have the highest risk for disease, but more than 90% of children with TB are born in the U.S. In a multistate, observational study, investigators calculated the risk for TB in foreign-born children, U.S.-born children with at least one foreign-born parent, and U.S.-born children with U.S.-born parents.
From 2005 to 2007, 364 cases of TB were identified in children aged <5 years at the 20 study sites. More than 80% of these children were born in the U.S.;…