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Since 2002, serogroup C meningococcus (MenC) associated with the sequence type (ST) 103 complex has been responsible for an increasing proportion of meningococcal disease cases in Brazil. Outbreaks at two oil refineries in 2010 prompted mass vaccination of employees at one refinery (refinery A), where eight cases had occurred in workers and their contacts. For such vaccination campaigns in Brazil, meningococcal C conjugate vaccine is restricted to children aged <2 years; meningococcal A/C polysaccharide vaccine in used in others.
At refinery A, meningococcal vaccination started in mid-April 2010; 91% of workers were vaccinated within a week. Rifampin prophylaxis was recommended for close contacts. Despite the vaccination program, nine family…