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In many countries, transmitting HIV — and even knowingly exposing someone to it — is considered a criminal offense. In the U.S., 34 states and territories have adopted criminal statutes that explicitly criminalize HIV exposure. The Presidential Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS has adopted a resolution to urge repeal of these laws, in part because they were based on an outdated understanding of transmission risks and treatment options. To disseminate current information regarding the risks for HIV transmission in various settings, a group of leading Canadian investigators (citing professional and ethical responsibility) developed a consensus statement intended to inform criminal justice officials. The statement was based on a review of the curre…