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Clear evidence supports a crucial role for vitamin D in neuronal function. Vitamin D and its metabolites mediate the synthesis of various neurotransmitters including acetylcholine, catecholamines, serotonin, and dopamine. Vitamin D also helps maintain neurite outgrowth and promote synaptic plasticity, influences neurotransmitter synthesis, protects against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, reduces the proinflammatory response, and regulates ageing. Thus, a role for vitamin D in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease (AD) is plausible (Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2013; 39:458). To examine this association, researchers studied 1658 ambulatory adults (mean baseline age, 74) who were free from dementia, card…