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The controversy about measuring prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to screen for prostate cancer has been fueled by conflicting results in two large randomized trials: a U.S. study (NEJM JW Gen Med Mar 18 2009, and NEJM JW Gen Med Feb 2 2012) that showed no advantage for screening after 11 and 13 years of follow-up, and a European trial (NEJM JW Gen Med Mar 18 2009, and NEJM JW Gen Med Mar 14 2012) that showed modest reductions in prostate cancer–related mortality associated with screening after 9 and 11 years of follow-up. Both trial groups continue to follow their subjects in view of prostate cancer's long latency period.
The European group now has reported 13-year follow-up data. In this trial, >160,000 men in eight countries were randomized…