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HIV-infected individuals are at increased risk for human papilloma virus–related cervical and anal cancers. Although the benefit of cervical pap smears and treatment for cervical abnormalities is established, uncertainty remains about the risk for anal cancer and the potential benefit of screening with anal pap tests and treating precancerous anal lesions.
In a retrospective, single-clinic study, 2804 HIV-infected patients who were receiving care between 2001 and 2012 and met the eligibility criteria (≥2 anal cytology results without diagnosis of invasive anal carcinoma [IAC] or ≥1 result with subsequent IAC diagnosis) were followed for a median of 4 years. Eighty-nine percent of the participants were male, 78% were men who have sex with men…