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Hospitalization is common among older patients, and concern is escalating that hospitalization may be associated with cognitive decline in this group. The pattern of cognitive deficits and their relation to neural substrates have not been clearly defined. Researchers conducted this multicenter, biethnic, community-based, longitudinal, observational study to clarify the association between cognitive decline and hospitalization using simple, domain-specific cognitive assessment tools and structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, while objectively accounting for multiple medical comorbidities, including blood pressure, cholesterol, renal function, and apolipoprotein E status. Patients hospitalized with primary brain injury or ta…